The development of international human rights laws post-World War II

The Universal Periodic Review (UPR), introduced in 2008, allows the UN Human Rights Council to assess human rights practices in all member states, promoting accountability.

The Council of Europe, founded in 1949, established the European Convention on Human Rights to promote human rights and the rule of law in post-war Europe.

The concept of 'crimes against humanity' was formalized in the Nuremberg Trials (1945–46) to prosecute Nazi leaders for atrocities, influencing international human rights law.

The UDHR introduced the idea that human rights violations within a state were no longer solely a domestic issue, allowing international scrutiny and intervention.

The United Nations, founded in 1945, facilitated the creation of human rights treaties and mechanisms like the Commission on Human Rights to promote global standards.

The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, both adopted in 1966, made UDHR principles legally binding.

During the Cold War, Western democracies prioritized civil and political rights, while socialist states emphasized economic and social rights, creating a divide in human rights discourse.

Eleanor Roosevelt, former First Lady of the United States, played a pivotal role in drafting the UDHR, ensuring diverse global perspectives were included.

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), adopted by the UN General Assembly on December 10, 1948, outlined 30 fundamental rights and freedoms, inspiring subsequent treaties.

The atrocities of the Holocaust and World War II, which resulted in millions of deaths, prompted global leaders to create laws to prevent such violations, leading to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948.