The history and global appeal of tug-of-war as a competitive sport

Northwest Europe, particularly countries like Sweden, the Netherlands, and the UK, has a strong tug-of-war tradition, with active national federations since the 1930s.

The International Olympic Committee removed tug-of-war to streamline the Olympic program, citing space constraints and a desire to reduce team sports.

In Japan, tug-of-war ('Tsunahiki') is part of New Year rituals to ensure prosperity, symbolizing community cooperation and cultural tradition.

Tug-of-war is part of the World Games, held every four years, with teams qualifying via TWIF World Championships, such as the 2025 Chengdu event.

Taiwan holds the record for the largest tug-of-war event, with over 10,000 participants in Changhua County in 1997, showcasing its cultural and communal appeal.

Coordination and rhythm, guided by a 'driver' who directs pulling timing, are critical for efficient force application, reducing 'force vanishing' (up to 19.74% in teams of eight).

The Tug of War International Federation (TWIF), established in 1960, codifies rules and organizes biennial World Championships, with 73 member countries as of 2021.

Tug-of-war was part of the Summer Olympics from 1900 to 1920, with clubs (not national teams) competing, enabling countries like the USA (1904) and Britain (1908) to win multiple medals.

According to the Tang dynasty’s 'The Notes of Feng,' tug-of-war, called 'hook pulling,' was used in the State of Chu (China) to build warrior strength.

The term 'tug-of-war' was first used for athletic contests in the late 19th century, evolving from earlier terms like 'French and English,' with formal rules established by the 20th century.