The influence of maritime exploration on global trade in the Middle Ages

Maritime exploration expanded trade networks, connecting Europe, Africa, and Asia, leading to cultural exchanges and economic growth.

Alexandria was a major center for trade in goods like spices, textiles, and grain, connecting the Mediterranean to the Red Sea and Indian Ocean.

The lateen sail, adopted from Arab designs, enabled ships to sail against the wind, improving navigation and trade efficiency.

Arab traders, using dhow ships and monsoon winds, controlled trade in spices, textiles, and gold across the Indian Ocean.

Spices like pepper, cinnamon, and cloves were highly valued for preserving food and for medicinal purposes, driving maritime trade.

The Byzantine Empire, centered in Constantinople, was a crucial link for goods like spices, silk, and gold, connecting Europe to Asia.

Marco Polo’s accounts of his travels along the Silk Road, including maritime routes, inspired European exploration and trade with Asia.

Venice leveraged its strategic location and naval power to dominate trade with the Byzantine Empire and Asia, dealing in spices, silk, and grain.

The compass, adopted from Chinese technology via Arab traders, allowed sailors to navigate more accurately, especially in open waters, boosting maritime trade.

The Silk Road had a significant maritime component, with goods transported via the Indian Ocean and Red Sea, linking ports like Venice and Constantinople to Asia. This route was vital for the exchange of luxury goods.